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The Chinese needs to gradually allow the RMB to become a reserve currency, so that it will go up in  ...
peter236 發表於 2011-4-19 14:14


I don't think that is the best interest of China for now. It could be in the future when China gradually completes its 經濟轉型 and it will take a while.

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回復  rockypath

Remember not to squeeze every bit of juice from the prey, they are not as strong a ...
lo_pak 發表於 2011-4-19 20:32


Sorry, I do not quite understand what you are trying to say. Do you mind to explain the reasons why allowing RMB to rapidly grow in value is for the interest of China?

China is called the “world factory” for the given fact that it is built based on labour-intensive industries which can no longer survive in developed countries. This model has provided China a miraculous economic growth over the past 30 years. However, this is not a sustainable model to continue to carry on into the future.

I know a few financial controllers or CFO of the subsidiaries of multi-national corporations in China. They shared their concerns of the rapid increase of operational cost, especially the growth of labour cost. Therefore, it could be better off to establish the manufacturing base in other countries such as Vietnam which demands a much lower cost. Vietnam has been trying to replicate the China model to attract foreign investments and it is not hesitating to offer even more attractive policies to allure foreign companies to move their manufacturing bases to Vietnam. I do not see how a stronger RMB will help China in term of competitive strength against its rivals.

That is the reason why China has been putting in great effort trying to transform its economic model since it understands clearly that it must either transform or just dies dry gradually.

Another example of negative impact is to domestic businesses which depending on foreign export contracts. I know a few of Hong Kong business people who have factories in China and exporting their products to foreign countries and US market is their ultimate client. They have been complaining the stronger RMB is killing their future. Manufacturing businesses traditionally earn a low profit margin and it makes money by volume. Their contracts normally signed in USD and lock in multiple years and fixed price with a small room for adjustment mainly based on inflation. They normally have to bear very strict payment term and 3 – 4 months is considered standard. Any increase in exchange rate will have a deep bite into their profit. A very long payment term makes them even more vulnerable to any fluctuation of exchange rate.     

That is the reason 溫總理 has said an increase of 20% will force many domestic companies out of businesses.

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I will say, keeping pace to gradually increase (70% of the annual growth minus the inflation rate) the value of RMB will adequately promote the best interest of China...
lo_pak 發表於 2011-4-19 20:25


Do you mind to clarify what you mean when you said 70% of the annual growth? Are you saying allowing the RMB to grow 70% in value per year?

If that is you meant, would you consider that as a gradual increase?

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回復  rockypath

I think you may have misunderstood what I meant:

e.g. GDP annual growth set at 10 ...
lo_pak 發表於 2011-4-20 09:56


Ok. I got what you mean and that is very reasonable. As long as it is a predictable and gradual increase, exporting businesses can negotiate their contract terms. But ultimately, they have to move up the value chain.

One more question, how did you come up the number - "70%"?

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This article is just echo what I said about the crisis is coming its way to China export manufacturing industries and specifically the competition from Vietnam in post#8.

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東莞之​​痛:iPhone供應商出走越南
http://www.sina.com.cn 2011年04月23日00:21 華夏時報
  本報記者 徐芸茜 東莞報導

4月17日,陰,東莞東城區桑園工業園區內的馬路上空空蕩盪,沿街的商舖、網吧生意蕭條。

位於園區內萬士達道1號的東莞萬士達液晶顯示器廠門前,三兩個保安嚴把著大門,偶爾可見一兩名女工從裡面走出來。見到記者上前,一名保安攔住記者詢問:“是應聘去越南工廠的嗎?”

東莞萬士達是台灣勝華科技股份有限公司設在大陸的兩家製造工廠之一,擁有工人2萬多名。勝華科技是集LCD、LCM和触控屏生產於一體的台灣製造廠商,也是蘋果iPhone觸摸屏的供應商。

消息人士向《華夏時報》記者透露,鑑於越南勞動力成本較低,該公司計劃在越南建廠。

記者經採訪證實,該公司確實計劃在越南北部北江省投資1億至1.5億美元建廠,新建工廠將給蘋果iPhone和iPad生產觸摸屏。越南的新工廠計劃招工近萬人,並有望最早於今年第三季度開始投入生產。

越南新工廠建成後,是否意味著東莞的老工廠將外遷? “我們選擇越南的一個重要原因是,相比中國大陸,可以降低勞動力成本。但我們在大陸具有相對高的產能,會繼續將這裡作為研發基地,同時生產高端產品。”該公司一位不具姓名的主管對本報記者說。同時,他並不否認在成本壓力下大陸工廠減產或外遷的可能。

廣東東莞是聞名世界的製造業重鎮,外資企業眾多。記者從接受采訪的東莞企業了解到,受東盟環境影響,目前已有不少企業萌發轉移之意。特別是中國——東盟自由貿易區零關稅更為該區域的投資優勢增加了砝碼,讓東莞不少企業引頸相望。

東莞艱難轉型升級之際,製造業工廠紛紛“出走”,讓東莞面臨兩難——一方面擔心造成本地產業“空心化”,另一方面又希望藉此機會“騰籠換鳥”,推動產業升級。

但不管怎樣,在人民幣升值、招工難等背景下,產業轉移是中國出口企業的必然選擇。

  招工難

格外冷清的大街,隨處可見的招工信息,讓人感到東莞企業招工難越發嚴重了。

桑園工業區內,幾乎每個工廠門前都張貼著這樣的招工信息——“常年招聘女工,月工資2000元左右。”很多工廠已經將門衛室直接改成了“招工處”,儘管這樣,仍招不上來人。

記者在東莞萬士達的宣傳畫報上“月淨收入”一欄看到,原有的“2000-2800元”被用紅筆明顯地改為“2600-2800元”,可是前來應聘的人還是寥寥無幾。

“工資上漲了30%,就是這樣仍不好招人。”工廠招聘代表陳小姐說。

勞動力成本節節攀升,讓萬士達這樣的大廠也開始吃不消,因此考慮轉移到越南建廠也就成為了必然選擇。

勝華科技發言人傑伊·黃​​向記者表示,該公司計劃在越南北部北江省投資1億至1.5億美元建廠。他稱,越南的勞動力成本僅相當於中國大陸的33%至40%。而且,越南擁有豐富的勞動力。

據了解,目前越南工人薪水大約每月100美元,折合人民幣600多元,而目前東莞一個最普通工人的工資都要2000元上下。相比之下,越南勞動力成本優勢明顯。

另一方面,越南處於東南亞的中心,區位優勢明顯。近幾年隨著中國——東盟博覽會的召開,越南對外開放不斷擴大,政策優惠,與老撾、柬埔寨、泰國、菲律賓、孟加拉、印尼等國相比,越南是企業轉移最好的選擇。

據傑伊·黃介紹,勝華科技已獲得越南當局批准投資最多2億美元建廠,新建工廠有望最早從第三季度開始投入生產,最初每月可生產1000萬個薄膜晶體管模組和“數百萬個觸摸屏模組”。

“越南新工廠投入生產後,大陸將會作為公司研發基地,同時生產高端產品。”他說。

據悉,勝華科技在東莞松山湖科技園區已投資5億元建全球最大的生產研發基地,該項目一期工程將於今年10月投產。隨著研發基地及越南新廠的建立,勝華在大陸的工廠也將面臨著減產和外遷的選擇。

  移師越南

從高產業梯度地區轉移到低產業梯度地區,這是企業的必然選擇。

隨著國內的能源、原材料、土地和勞動力等價格不斷攀升,國內低成本競爭優勢正在逐漸喪失,這直接導致了企業紛紛轉投海外發展中國家。

中國台灣仁寶集團早在金融危機之前便考慮在越南建廠,但這一計劃因為遭致金融危機而擱淺,而去年三季度該集團位於越南的新廠也正式投產。總經理陳瑞聰對記者表示,公司在國內投資新建區域總部和研發中心,而製造工廠則向東南亞地區轉移。

不單單是電子行業,其他行業也都有類似動作。

東莞裕元鞋廠的“東家”——台灣寶成集團的工廠在越南、印尼等地已遍地開花,東莞裕元鞋廠也有這方面的規劃。東莞創信鞋業董事長吳振昌也向本報記者透露,借助中國——東盟自貿區零關稅的契機,該公司準備將部分生產線往東南亞轉移,這對以後規避貿易摩擦將會起到很大作用。

吳振昌表示,考慮轉移的生產線包括出口歐盟和東盟的產品生產線,東南亞勞動力原本就便宜,再加上東盟對歐盟出口可以免去16.5%的反傾銷稅,完全可以抵消原材料運輸的成本。

“越南河內台商會”名譽會長陳耀奎分析表示,因為到大陸投資的台商擔心一旦大規模遷移可能引起政府不滿,所以刻意減緩了遷移速度。另一方面受金融危機衝擊,很多企業投資暫緩,尚處於觀望狀態,但台商對越南的投資一直興趣不減。

毫無疑問,東南亞國家已成為中國企業產業轉移的首選。因為看準了那裡的成本優勢,製造業企業便將其作為了減輕成本壓力、擴大生產和轉型升級的捷徑之一。

  產業升級

中國的勞動力成本優勢逐漸減弱,企業紛紛移向東盟地區,這對中國的製造基地優勢形成了一定的衝擊。

長期關注東南亞政治經濟形勢的廈門大學東南亞研究中心主任王勤對記者表示,中國搞產業升級,一部分企業轉移出去是必然的,其中一部分企​​業肯定會選擇東南亞國家。但短期內不大可能出現所謂的“潮流”,因為東南亞國家都是中小型國家,容納產業轉移的能力有限。

不過硬幣都有兩面,在中國製造之都地位受到動搖的同時,對於中國的產業升級來說卻是一個難得的機遇。

國家社科院區域經濟室教授王學琛接受記者採訪時表示,在上一輪國際性產業轉移浪潮中,發達國家的企業雖然將其工廠轉移出去,但對這些工廠的控制力絲毫不見減弱。發展中國家承接了產業鏈中附加值較低的加工製造環節,而附加值較高的環節仍然留在發達國家。

對於地方政府來說,企業工廠可以搬遷,但企業總部對技術研發、品牌管理、資金管理、質量監控、物流、銷售等的管控工作不會削弱。這就好比放風箏,風箏放飛上天,但線繩仍牢牢握在手中。

世界離不開“車間”和“製造”。沒有了中國製造,取而代之的便是“東盟製造”。廉價的中國製造慢慢退出世界舞台的同時,涅槃而生的應該是中國製造的科技和創新。

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