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華籲白宮保障美債投資者 外儲難尋替代品

本帖最後由 lo_pak 於 2011-4-19 14:05 編輯

(明報)2011年4月20日 星期三 05:06

【明報專訊】標普破天荒下調美國評級展望至負面,美國國債零風險神話瀕破滅,中國外匯儲備包含巨額美國國債,安全備受關注。中國昨呼籲美國政府採取政策措施,保障投資者利益。但在缺乏其他替代品下,多個持有大量美債的亞洲國家及地區,昨都無奈繼續力撐美債,淡化標普警告。

標準及普爾兩家評級機構1941年合併後,70年來一直都給予美國最高的AAA評級。標普周一下調美國主權信貸評級展望,雖衝擊環球股市,但美債走勢未有太大變化,10年國債孳息仍然接近4周低位。美國財長蓋特納昨派定心丸,堅稱美國沒有喪失AAA評級的風險,稱美國借貸成本反映國內外投資者對美債及美國經濟仍然有信心。

華專家:外儲美債比重10年降兩成

但標普下調美國評級展望,意味美債這種向被視為零風險的外匯儲備工具,未來兩年可能被降評級。美債價值下降,將令多國儲備大幅縮水。身為美國最大債主的中國,外交部發言人洪磊昨表示,注意到標普下調美國信貸評級展望,「美國國債是美國政府的信用反映,是美國國內和國際機構投資者的重要投資品種。我們希望美國政府切實採取負責任的政策措施,保障投資者的利益」。

據美國財政部最新數據,中國2月份連續4個月減持美債,但目前仍是美債最大持有國。中國外匯儲備研究中心主任李杰向路透社稱,標普今次下調展望,可能令中國敲響警號。他表示,美債可能貶值,將促使中國減持美債,「一般相信,美債目前佔中國外匯儲備七成,在未來10年內,中國可能會將美債比例下調至五成或更少」。

中國外儲龐大 多元化困難

中國評級機構大公去年11月已將美國主權評級由AA下調至A+,所持理由除了美國負債不斷膨脹外,亦因為美國推行第二輪量化寬鬆。美元資產貶值早已引起中國關注,提出要將外匯儲備多元化,但實行並不易。中國外匯儲備已超過3萬億美元,最近一期《經濟學人》稱,這筆錢足已買下今年88%全球油產,就算只花當中的1.87萬億美元,也足以買下美國所有農場。該刊稱,中國央行繼續買美債有點缺乏想像力,但中國的龐大外匯儲備意味著多元化有很大難度,因為中國只要稍有動作,都會推高相關商品的價格,對中國不利。

除了中國,亞洲多國亦持有大量美債,第二大債權國日本昨挺美債,財相野田佳彥說﹕「美國正從多途徑處理財政問題,我因此認為美國國債仍然是吸引的」。韓國財金官員亦作類似反應。路透社引述負責管理韓國外匯儲備的消息人士說﹕「我想(下調展望)是好事,這會促使美國努力改善其財政健康。」日韓外匯儲備分別為1.12萬億和2910億美元。

印官:歐洲日本國債更差

印度儲備銀行消息人士亦稱,該行無意考慮減持美債,因為沒有替代品。美債佔印度外匯儲備六成,歐元儲備則有三成。該名消息人士說﹕「標普威脅降評級後,美債反而上揚。市場似乎考慮買美國國債。」他反問﹕「有什麼替代品呢?歐洲和日本的國債更差。」
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"Veni, Vidi, Vici"
竹乃清,竹乃霸道

回復 2# peter236

That's the trend, the low exchange rate for RMB has a great impact (in both good and bad ways) to the world economy.
"Veni, Vidi, Vici"
竹乃清,竹乃霸道

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回復 5# daimo

Seems like you are still quite in-confident, are you?

What makes you confused? You are not confident about the quality of the Chinese product, or the mechanism of the inflexibility of China currency, or you are just doubting the consiparacy behind the USD?

I will say, keeping pace to gradually increase (70% of the annual growth minus the inflation rate) the value of RMB will adequately promote the best interest of China...
"Veni, Vidi, Vici"
竹乃清,竹乃霸道

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本帖最後由 lo_pak 於 2011-4-19 20:41 編輯

回復 4# rockypath

Remember not to squeeze every bit of juice from the prey, they are not as strong as you think they are...

Living in Canada let me learnt what's the meaning of "餓你唔死, 養你唔肥..."
"Veni, Vidi, Vici"
竹乃清,竹乃霸道

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回復 8# rockypath

I don't think I have used the term "rapid" in my previous post. Instead, "gradual" should be my meaning...

Anyway, here is what I think...

1) No country will allow long term trading deficit (negative money flow) to the other country. China government manually/artifically setting the exchange rate that low will ultimately hurt other countries.

2) At such low exchange rate, Chinese exporters will benefit from the price advantages. However, at the same time, some of the products are over produced. I think keeping those low end and excessive products down the production chain is worthless (and harmful), that's why 溫總理 insist the importance of increasing the quality portion of GDP instead of the quantity of GDP. A gradual increase in RMB will increase the rate for those overproduction to transform. The consolidation of production is unavoidable, and should be faster, otherwise there is a chance of 尾大不掉.

3) The increase of RMB will lower the inflation rate, and it will ignite the internal demand.
"Veni, Vidi, Vici"
竹乃清,竹乃霸道

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本帖最後由 lo_pak 於 2011-4-20 09:58 編輯

回復 14# rockypath

I think you may have misunderstood what I meant:

e.g. GDP annual growth set at 10%, inflation rate at 4.5%

The recommended RMB growth rate will be (0.7x10% - 4.5%) = 2.5%.

That's what I meant of "gradual"... As long as the RMB growth rate is lower than the 10 year US bond rate, that should be fine...
"Veni, Vidi, Vici"
竹乃清,竹乃霸道

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回復 16# rockypath

Random pick...
1 divide by 150%, should have quite a bit of buffer...

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